Book Physical Therapy Is the Art and Science Dealing With the Prevention

Attempted medical remediation of a health problem, commonly following a diagnosis

Therapy
Children undergoing therapy (polio).
MeSH	D013812
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A therapy or medical treatment (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or T_ten ) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis.

Equally a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications. In that location are many dissimilar types of therapy. Not all therapies are constructive. Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Medical treatment and therapy are generally considered synonyms. However, in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

History [edit]

This department needs expansion. Y'all tin assistance by calculation to information technology. (July 2021)

Semantic field [edit]

The words care , therapy , treatment , and intervention overlap in a semantic field, and thus they can be synonymous depending on context. Moving rightward through that order, the connotative level of holism decreases and the level of specificity (to concrete instances) increases. Thus, in health care contexts (where its senses are always noncount), the discussion care tends to imply a broad idea of everything done to protect or improve someone'southward health (for example, as in the terms preventive intendance and primary care, which connote ongoing activeness), although information technology sometimes implies a narrower idea (for instance, in the simplest cases of wound care or postanesthesia intendance, a few particular steps are sufficient, and the patient's interaction with that provider is presently finished). In dissimilarity, the word intervention tends to be specific and concrete, and thus the word is oft countable; for example, ane instance of cardiac catheterization is one intervention performed, and coronary intendance (noncount) can require a series of interventions (count). At the extreme, the piling on of such countable interventions amounts to interventionism, a flawed model of intendance lacking holistic circumspection—just treating discrete problems (in billable increments) rather than maintaining health. Therapy and handling, in the heart of the semantic field, tin can connote either the holism of care or the discreteness of intervention, with context conveying the intent in each utilise. Appropriately, they tin exist used in both noncount and count senses (for example, therapy for chronic kidney disease can involve several dialysis treatments per week).

The words aceology and iamatology are obscure and obsolete synonyms referring to the study of therapies.

The English word therapy comes via Latin therapīa from Greek: θεραπεία and literally means "curing" or "healing".^[i]

Types of therapies [edit]

By chronology, priority, or intensity [edit]

Levels of intendance [edit]

Levels of care classify health care into categories of chronology, priority, or intensity, as follows:

Emergency care handles medical emergencies and is a beginning point of contact or intake for less serious problems, which tin can be referred to other levels of care as appropriate.
Intensive care, too called disquisitional care, is care for extremely sick or injured patients. It thus requires high resource intensity, knowledge, and skill, as well as quick determination making.
Ambulatory care is care provided on an outpatient basis. Typically patients can walk into and out of the clinic under their own ability (hence "ambulatory"), usually on the aforementioned day.
Home intendance is care at abode, including care from providers (such equally physicians, nurses, and habitation health aides) making firm calls, care from caregivers such equally family members, and patient self-care.
Principal care is meant to be the master kind of care in general, and ideally a medical home that unifies care across referred providers.
Secondary care is care provided by medical specialists and other health professionals who generally do non have first contact with patients, for example, cardiologists, urologists and dermatologists. A patient reaches secondary care as a next step from primary care, typically by provider referral although sometimes by patient self-initiative.
Tertiary care is specialized consultative care, normally for inpatients and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as a tertiary referral hospital.
Follow-up intendance is additional care during or after convalescence. Aftercare is generally synonymous with follow-upwards intendance.
Finish-of-life care is care nearly the end of one's life. Information technology often includes the following:
- Palliative care is supportive intendance, near especially (but not necessarily) near the finish of life.
- Hospice care is palliative care very near the end of life when cure is very unlikely. Its main goal is comfort, both concrete and mental.

Lines of therapy [edit]

Handling decisions oftentimes follow formal or informal algorithmic guidelines. Treatment options tin can oftentimes be ranked or prioritized into lines of therapy: beginning-line therapy, second-line therapy, tertiary-line therapy, and so on. Showtime-line therapy (sometimes referred to equally consecration therapy, main therapy, or front-line therapy)^[2] is the first therapy that will be tried. Its priority over other options is unremarkably either: (one) formally recommended on the footing of clinical trial show for its all-time-available combination of efficacy, condom, and tolerability or (2) chosen based on the clinical experience of the doctor. If a first-line therapy either fails to resolve the issue or produces intolerable side furnishings, additional (second-line) therapies may be substituted or added to the treatment regimen, followed by third-line therapies, and and then on.

An example of a context in which the formalization of handling algorithms and the ranking of lines of therapy is very all-encompassing is chemotherapy regimens. Because of the great difficulty in successfully treating some forms of cancer, 1 line after another may be tried. In oncology the count of therapy lines may reach 10 or even twenty.

Often multiple therapies may be tried simultaneously (combination therapy or polytherapy). Thus combination chemotherapy is also chosen polychemotherapy, whereas chemotherapy with one agent at a time is called unmarried-amanuensis therapy or monotherapy.

Adjuvant therapy is therapy given in improver to the primary, main, or initial treatment, but simultaneously (as opposed to second-line therapy). Neoadjuvant therapy is therapy that is begun before the main therapy. Thus one can consider surgical excision of a tumor as the first-line therapy for a certain blazon and stage of cancer fifty-fifty though radiotherapy is used earlier it; the radiotherapy is neoadjuvant (chronologically offset merely not primary in the sense of the primary issue). Premedication is conceptually non far from this, but the words are not interchangeable; cytotoxic drugs to put a tumor "on the ropes" earlier surgery delivers the "knockout dial" are chosen neoadjuvant chemotherapy, not premedication, whereas things similar anesthetics or condom antibiotics before dental surgery are called premedication.

Step therapy or stepladder therapy is a specific blazon of prioritization by lines of therapy. It is controversial in American health intendance because unlike conventional decision-making about what constitutes first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy, which in the U.South. reflects condom and efficacy first and cost only co-ordinate to the patient'south wishes, step therapy attempts to mix cost containment by someone other than the patient (tertiary-party payers) into the algorithm. Therapy freedom and the negotiation between individual and group rights are involved.

Past intent [edit]

Therapy type	Description
abortive therapy	A therapy that is intended to stop a medical status from progressing any farther. A medication taken at the earliest signs of a disease, such as an analgesic taken at the very first symptoms of a migraine headache to prevent it from getting worse, is an abortive therapy. Compare abortifacients, which arrest a pregnancy.
bridge therapy	A therapy that figuratively provides a bridge to another step or stage, crossing over some immediate chasm (claiming), in contrast with destination therapy, which is the final therapy in cases where clinically appropriate.
consolidation therapy	A therapy given to consolidate the gains from induction therapy. In cancer, this ways chasing afterwards any cancerous cells that may be left.
curative therapy	A therapy with curative intent, that is, i that seeks to cure the root cause of a disorder. (as well called etiotropic therapy)
definitive therapy	A therapy that may be final, superior to others, curative, or all of those.
destination therapy	A therapy that is the terminal destination rather than a bridge to another therapy. Ordinarily refers to ventricular assist devices to continue the existing heart going, not just until heart transplantation can occur, merely for the rest of the patient'south life expectancy.
empiric therapy	A therapy given on an empiric basis; that is, one given according to a clinician's educated guess despite uncertainty about the disease's causative factors. For example, empiric antibody therapy administers a wide-spectrum antibiotic immediately on the footing of a proficient run a risk (given the history, physical examination findings, and risk factors present) that the illness is bacterial and will respond to that drug (fifty-fifty though the bacterial species or variant is not notwithstanding known).
gilt standard therapy	A therapy that is definitive, just every bit a aureate standard diagnostic examination is a definitive test.
investigational therapy	An experimental therapy. Use of experimental therapies must exist ethically justified, considering past definition they enhance the question of standard of intendance. Physicians have autonomy to provide empirical intendance (such as off-label care) according to their experience and clinical judgment, but the autonomy has limits that preclude quackery. Thus it may be necessary to blueprint a clinical trial around the new therapy and to use the therapy merely per a formal protocol. Sometimes shorthand phrases such every bit "treated on protocol" imply not just "treated according to a plan" just specifically "treated with investigational therapy".
maintenance therapy	A therapy taken during affliction remission to preclude relapse.
palliative therapy	See supportive therapy for connotative distinctions.
preventive therapy (safe therapy)	A therapy that is intended to prevent a medical condition from occurring (also called prophylaxis). For example, many vaccines prevent infectious diseases.
salvage therapy (rescue therapy)	A therapy tried after others accept failed; it may be a "final-line" therapy.
stepdown therapy	Therapy that tapers the dosage gradually rather than abruptly cutting it off. For example, a switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics as an infection is brought under control steps downwardly the intensity of therapy.
supportive therapy	A therapy that does not treat or improve the underlying condition, merely rather increases the patient's condolement, also called symptomatic treatment (run across there for more information).^[three] For instance, supportive intendance for flu, colds, or gastrointestinal upset can include rest, fluids, and over the counter pain relievers; those things don't treat the cause, but they care for the symptoms and thus provide relief. Supportive therapy may be palliative therapy (palliative care). The ii terms are sometimes synonymous, but palliative care often specifically refers to serious illness and end-of-life care. Therapy may exist categorized as having curative intent (when it is possible to eliminate the illness) or palliative intent (when eliminating the disease is impossible and the focus shifts to minimizing the distress that it causes). The two are often contradistinguished (mutually sectional) in some contexts (such every bit the management of some cancers), but they are not inherently mutually exclusive; oft therapy can be both curative and palliative simultaneously. Supportive psychotherapy aims to support the patient by alleviating the worst of the symptoms, with the expectation that definitive therapy can follow later on if possible.
systemic therapy	A therapy that is systemic. In the physiological sense, this means affecting the whole trunk (rather than beingness local or locoregional), whether via systemic administration, systemic outcome, or both. Systemic therapy in the psychotherapeutic sense seeks to address people not only on the private level only as well as people in relationships, dealing with the interactions of groups.

Past therapy limerick [edit]

Treatments can exist classified co-ordinate to the method of treatment:

By matter [edit]

past drugs: pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy (also, medical therapy ofttimes means specifically pharmacotherapy)
past medical devices: implantation
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
by specific molecules: molecular therapy (although most drugs are specific molecules, molecular medicine refers in particular to medicine relying on molecular biology)
- by specific biomolecular targets: targeted therapy
  - molecular chaperone therapy
- by chelation: chelation therapy
by specific chemical elements:
- past metals:
  - by heavy metals:
    - by gold: chrysotherapy (aurotherapy)
    - past platinum-containing drugs: platin therapy
  - past biometals
    - past lithium: lithium therapy
    - past potassium: potassium supplementation
    - by magnesium: magnesium supplementation
    - past chromium: chromium supplementation; phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy
    - past copper: copper supplementation
- past nonmetals:
  - by diatomic oxygen: oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hyperbaric medicine)
    - transdermal continuous oxygen therapy
  - by triatomic oxygen (ozone): ozone therapy
  - by fluoride: fluoride therapy
  - by other gases: medical gas therapy
by h2o:
- hydrotherapy
- aquatic therapy
- rehydration therapy
  - oral rehydration therapy
- water cure (therapy)
by biological materials (biogenic substances, biomolecules, biotic materials, natural products), including their constructed equivalents: biotherapy
- by whole organisms
  - past viruses: virotherapy
  - by bacteriophages: phage therapy
  - by animal interaction: see animal interaction section
- by constituents or products of organisms
  - past institute parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
    - scientific blazon: phytotherapy
    - traditional (prescientific) blazon: herbalism
  - by creature parts: quackery involving shark fins, tiger parts, and so on, oftentimes driving threat or endangerment of species
  - past genes: gene therapy
    - cistron therapy for epilepsy
    - gene therapy for osteoarthritis
    - gene therapy for colour blindness
    - gene therapy of the human retina
    - gene therapy in Parkinson'due south affliction
  - by epigenetics: epigenetic therapy
  - by proteins: poly peptide therapy (simply many drugs are proteins despite not existence called protein therapy)
  - by enzymes: enzyme replacement therapy
  - by hormones: hormone therapy
    - hormonal therapy (oncology)
    - hormone replacement therapy
      - estrogen replacement therapy
      - androgen replacement therapy
      - hormone replacement therapy (menopause)
      - transgender hormone therapy
        
        feminizing hormone therapy
        
        masculinizing hormone therapy
    - antihormone therapy
      - androgen deprivation therapy
  - by whole cells: cell therapy (cytotherapy)
    - by stem cells: stem prison cell therapy
    - by immune cells: see allowed system products below
  - by immune system products: immunotherapy, host modulatory therapy
    - by immune cells:
      - T-cell vaccination
      - cell transfer therapy
      - autologous immune enhancement therapy
      - TK cell therapy
    - by humoral immune factors: antibody therapy
      - by whole serum: serotherapy, including antiserum therapy
      - past immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin therapy
        
        by monoclonal antibodies: monoclonal antibody therapy
- by urine: urine therapy (some scientific forms; many prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)
- by food and dietary choices:
  - medical nutrition therapy
  - grape therapy (quackery)
by salts (only many drugs are the salts of organic acids, fifty-fifty when drug therapy is not called by names reflecting that)
- by salts in the air
  - by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in desert locales (particularly common in prescientific medicine; for instance, one 19th-century way to treat tuberculosis)
  - past artificial dry out table salt air:
    - low-humidity forms of speleotherapy
    - negative air ionization therapy
  - by moist table salt air:
    - by natural moist salt air: seaside cure (particularly mutual in prescientific medicine)
    - by artificial moist salt air: water vapor forms of speleotherapy
- by salts in the water
  - by mineral water: spa cure ("taking the waters") (peculiarly common in prescientific medicine)
  - by seawater: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
by odor: aromatherapy
by other materials with mechanism of activity unknown
- by occlusion with duct tape: duct tape apoplexy therapy

By energy [edit]

by electric energy equally electric electric current: electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- Vagus nerve stimulation
past magnetic energy:
- magnet therapy
- pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
- magnetic resonance therapy
by electromagnetic radiation (EMR):
- by light: light therapy (phototherapy)
  - ultraviolet calorie-free therapy
    - PUVA therapy
  - photodynamic therapy
    - photothermal therapy
    - cytoluminescent therapy
  - blood irradiation therapy
  - past darkness: dark therapy
  - by lasers: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation therapy
    - depression level laser therapy
- past gamma rays: radiosurgery
  - Gamma Pocketknife radiosurgery
  - stereotactic radiation therapy
  - cobalt therapy
- by radiation more often than not: radiation therapy (radiotherapy)
  - intraoperative radiation therapy
  - by EMR particles:
    - particle therapy
      - proton therapy
      - electron therapy
        
        intraoperative electron radiation therapy
        
        Auger therapy
      - neutron therapy
        
        fast neutron therapy
        
        neutron capture therapy of cancer
  - past radioisotopes emitting EMR:
    - by nuclear medicine
    - past brachytherapy
- quackery type: electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine)
by mechanical: manual therapy as massotherapy and therapy past exercise equally in physical therapy
- inversion therapy
by sound:
- by ultrasound:
  - ultrasonic lithotripsy
    - extracorporeal shockwave therapy
  - sonodynamic therapy
- past music: music therapy
past temperature
- by heat: heat therapy (thermotherapy)
  - past moderately elevated ambient temperatures: hyperthermia therapy
    - by dry warm environs: Waon therapy
    - past dry or boiling warm surroundings: sauna, including infrared sauna, for sweat therapy
- by cold:
  - by farthermost common cold to specific tissue volumes: cryotherapy
  - by ice and compression: common cold pinch therapy
  - past ambient cold: hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy
- past hot and cold alternation: dissimilarity bath therapy

Past procedure and homo interaction [edit]

Surgery
by counseling, such as psychotherapy (run into also: list of psychotherapies)
- systemic therapy
- past group psychotherapy^[iv]
by cerebral behavioral therapy
- by cerebral therapy
- by behaviour therapy
  - by dialectical behavior therapy
- past cerebral emotional behavioral therapy
by cognitive rehabilitation therapy
past family unit therapy
by didactics
- by psychoeducation
- by information therapy
by physical therapy/occupational therapy, vision therapy, massage therapy, chiropractic or acupuncture
by lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding unhealthy nutrient or maintaining a predictable sleep schedule
by coaching

By brute interaction [edit]

past pets, assist animals, or working animals: creature-assisted therapy
- past horses: equine therapy, hippotherapy
- by dogs: pet therapy with therapy dogs, including grief therapy dogs
- by cats: pet therapy with therapy cats
by fish: ichthyotherapy (wading with fish), aquarium therapy (watching fish)
past maggots: maggot therapy
by worms:
- by internal worms: helminthic therapy
- by leeches: leech therapy
by immersion: animal bath

Past meditation [edit]

by mindfulness: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Past reading [edit]

by bibliotherapy

By inventiveness [edit]

past expression: expressive therapy
- past writing: writing therapy
  - journal therapy
by play: play therapy
past art: art therapy
- sensory art therapy
- comic book therapy
past gardening: horticultural therapy
past trip the light fantastic: dance therapy
by drama: drama therapy
by recreation: recreational therapy
by music: music therapy

By sleeping and waking [edit]

past deep sleep: deep slumber therapy^[5]
by sleep deprivation: wake therapy^[6]

References [edit]

^ Online Etymology Dictionary, Therapy
^ National Cancer Institute > Dictionary of Cancer Terms > first-line therapy Retrieved July 2010
^ "CFIDS". CFIDS. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-01-09 .
^ Schwartz, Jeremy. "5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy". US News & Globe Study. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
^ Shorter, Edward (Jan 1996). "The beginning of psychopharmacology: Deep-sleep therapies". European Psychiatry. 11: 236s. doi:10.1016/0924-9338(96)88707-four.
^ Minkel, Jared D.; Krystal, Andrew D.; Benca, Ruth M. (2017). "Unipolar Major Depression". In Kryger, Meir; Roth, Thomas; Dement, William C. (eds.). Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (sixth ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 1352–1362. ISBN978-0-323-24288-2 . Retrieved 12 May 2021.

External links [edit]

simonsonfacen1988.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy